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Synopsis of Infectious Diseases and Parasites of Commercially Exploited Shellfish
Table of Contents
Note: Categories 1 to 4
Each disease has been assigned a Category with respect to current conditions in Canada.
This is described further in Definitions of Category.
Diseases and Pathogens of Mollusca
OYSTERS
Category 1 (Not Reported in Canada)
- Oyster Velar Virus Disease (OVVD)
- Gill Disease of Portuguese Oysters
- Haemocytic Infection Virus Disease of Oysters
- Herpes-Type Virus Disease of Oysters
- Extracellular Giant "Rickettsiae" of Oysters
- Perkinsus marinus ("Dermo" Disease) of Oysters
- Perkinsus sp. of European Oysters
- Perkinsus sp. of Oysters in the Pacific and Southern Oceans
- Kidney Coccidia of Oysters
- Haplosporidium (=Minchinia) armoricana of Flat Oysters
- Marteiliosis (Aber disease) of Oysters
- Marteilioides chungmuensis of Oysters
- Oyster Egg Disease
- Invasive Ciliates of Juvenile Oysters
- Mytilicola intestinalis (Red Worm Disease) of Oysters
- Haemocytic Neoplasia of Oysters
- Juvenile Disease of Eastern Oysters
Category 2 (In Canada and of Regional Concern)
- Viral Gametocytic Hypertrophy of Oysters
- Nocardiosis of Oysters
- Mikrocytos mackini (Denman Island Disease) of Oysters
- Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX) of Oysters
- Haplosporidium costale (SSO) of Oysters
- Bonamia ostreae of Oysters
- Ostracoblabe implexa (Shell Disease) of Oysters
- Oyster Trematode Diseases
- Mytilicola orientalis (Red Worm) of Oysters
- Parasitic Copepods on Oyster Gills
- Pea Crabs in Oysters
- Malpeque Disease of Oysters
Category 3 (Host Not in Canada)
- Papova-Like Virus Infection of Pearl Oysters
- Akoya Virus Infection of Pearl Oysters
- Apicomplexan Parasite of New Zealand Oysters
- Haplosporidium sp. of Pearl Oysters
- Haplosporidium sp. of Rock Oysters
- Marteilia sydneyi of Oysters
- Marteilia-like Paramyxea of Australian Flat Oysters
- Marteilioides branchialis of Oysters
- Bonamia exitiosa (Bonamiasis of New Zealand Dredge Oysters)
- Bonamia (=Mikrocytos) roughleyi (Australian Winter Disease) of Oysters
- Bonamia perspora of Ostreola equestris
- Unidentified Species of Bonamia from Various Oysters and Locations
- Unidentified Protistan Parasites of Pearl Oysters
- Microsporidiosis of Dredge Oysters
Category 4 (Negligible Significance in Canada)
- Assorted Viruses Detected in Oysters and of Unknown Significance
- Rickettsia-like and Chlamydia-like Organisms of Oysters
- Vibrio spp. (Larval and Juvenile Vibriosis) of Oysters
- Hinge Ligament Disease of Juvenile Oysters
- Digestive Tract Impaction of Larval Oysters
- Gregarine Parasitism of Oysters
- Hexamitiasis of Oysters
- Ancistrocoma-like Ciliates of Oysters
- Sphenophrya-like Ciliates of Oysters
- Gill Trichodinids of Oysters
- Sirolpidium zoophthorum (Larval Mycosis) of Oysters
- Oyster Gill Turbellaria
- Nematode Parasitism of Oysters
- Cestode Parasitism of Oysters
- Bivalve-inhabiting hydroids of Oysters
- Shell-boring Polychaetes of Oysters
- Shell-burrowing Sponges of Oysters
- Pyramidellid Snails of Oysters
MUSSELS
Category 1 (Not Reported in Canada)
- Virus-Like Disease of Mussels
- Marteilia refringens/maurini of Mussels
- Steinhausia mytilovum (Mussel Egg Disease)
- Phototrophic Endolith Invasion of Mussel Shells
- Proctoeces maculatus Trematode Disease of Mussels
- Mussel Gill Turbellaria
- Mytilicola intestinalis (Red Worm Disease) of Mussels
Category 2 (In Canada and of Regional Concern)
- Kidney Coccidia of Mussels
- Haplosporidian Infection of Mussels
- Bucephalid Trematode Diseases of Mussels
- Mytilicola orientalis (Red Worm) of Mussels
- Pea Crabs in Mussels
- Haemocytic Neoplasia of Mussels
Category 3 (Host Not in Canada)
Category 4 (Negligible Significance in Canada)
- Rickettsia-like and Chlamydia-like Organisms of Mussels
- Gregarine Parasitism of Mussels
- Intracellular Ciliates of Mussels
- Sphenophrya-like Ciliates of Mussels
- Ancistrum mytili Gill Ciliate of Mussels
- Mycotic Periostracal Sloughing of Mussels
- Trematode Metacercariae of Mussels
- Parasitic copepods on Mussel Gills
- Bivalve-inhabiting hydroids of Mussels
- Shell-boring Polychaetes of Mussels
- Shell-burrowing Sponges of Mussels
CLAMS & COCKLES
Category 1 (Not Reported in Canada)
- Viral Infection of Clams
- Brown Ring Disease of Manila Clams
- Perkinsus of Clams and Cockles
- Haplosporidian Infection of Clams
- Marteiliosis of Clams and Cockles
- Marteilioides sp. of Clams
- Microsporidiosis of Clams
- Amoeboflagellate Disease of Larval Geoduck Clams
- Mytilicola intestinalis (Red Worm Disease) of Clams and Cockles
Category 2 (In Canada and of Regional Concern)
- Nuclear Inclusion X (NIX) of Pacific Razor Clams
- Kidney Coccidia of Clams
- QPX, a Thraustochytrid-like Disease of Clams
- Mytilicola orientalis (Red Worm) of Clams and Cockles
- Pea Crabs in Clams and Cockles
- Haemocytic Neoplasia of Clams
- Gonadal Neoplasia of Clams
Category 3 (Host Not in Canada)
- Endonucleobiotic Bacteria of Clams in Portugal
- Mycoplasma-like Infection of Cockles
- Steinhausia sp. (Cockle Egg Disease)
- Cryptosporidiosis of Clams
- Marteilia-like Parasite of Giant Clams
- Amoebiasis of Cockles
Category 4 (Negligible Significance in Canada)
- Rickettsia-like and Chlamydia-like Organisms of Clams and Cockles
- Vibrio spp. (Larval and Juvenile Vibriosis) of Clams
- Hinge Ligament Disease of Juvenile Clams
- Gregarine Parasitism of Clams and Cockles
- Sphenophrya-like Ciliates of Clams and Cockles
- Ancistrocoma pelseneeri and A. myae Ciliates of Clams
- Gill Trichodina of Clams and Cockles
- Sirolpidium zoophthorum (Larval Mycosis) of Clams
- Turbellaria of Clams
- Trematode Metacercariae of Clams and Cockles
- Shell-boring Polychaetes of Clams
- Siphon Snails of Clams and Cockles
SCALLOPS
Category 1 (Not Reported in Canada)
- Perkinsus sp. of Japanese Scallops in Asia
- Scallop Haplosporidian
- Marteilia sp. of Scallops
- Brood-pouch Copepod of Scallop Gills
- Pea Crabs in Scallops
Category 2 (In Canada and of Regional Concern)
- Intracellular Bacterial Disease of Scallops
- Bacterial Abscess Lesions of Scallops
- Perkinsus qugwadi (SPX) of Scallops
- Kidney Coccidia of Scallops
- Perkinsus karlssoni of Scallops
- Scallop Protistan G
Category 3 (Host Not in Canada)
Category 4 (Negligible Significance in Canada)
- Virus-Like Infection of Scallops
- Chlamydiosis of Scallops
- Rickettsia-like and Chlamydia-like Organisms of Scallops
- Vibrio spp. (Larval Vibriosis) of Scallops
- Gregarine Parasitism of Scallops
- Gill Trichodinids of Scallops
- Scallop Gill Turbellaria
- Nematode Parasitism of Scallops
- Cestode Parasitism of Scallops
- Shell-boring Polychaetes of Scallops
- Shell-burrowing Sponges of Scallops
ABALONE
Category 1 (Not Reported in Canada)
Category 2 (In Canada and of Regional Concern)
Category 3 (Host Not in Canada)
- Amyotrophia of Abalone
- Abalone Viral Mortality
- Blister Disease of Cultured Abalone
- Withering Syndrome of Abalone (Xenohaliotis californiensis)
- Perkinsus olseni of Abalone
- Haplosporidian parasite of abalone
- Fungal Diseases of Abalone
- Nematode Parasitism of Abalone
Category 4 (Negligible Significance in Canada)
- Bacterial Diseases of Abalone
- Flagellates Associated with Abalone
- Ciliates Associated with Abalone
- Trematode Metacercariae of Abalone
- Shell-boring Polychaetes of Abalone
Diseases and Pathogens of Echinoderms
SEA URCHINS
Category 1 (Not Reported in Canada)
Category 2 (In Canada and of Regional Concern)
Category 3 (Host Not in Canada)
Category 4 (Negligible Significance in Canada)
- Ciliates Associated with Sea Urchins
- Trematode Metacercariae of Sea Urchins
- Turbellarian Parasitism of Sea Urchins
SEA CUCUMBERS
Category 4 (Negligible Significance in Canada)
SEA STARS
Category 2 (In Canada and of Regional Concern)
Diseases and Pathogens of Crustacea
LOBSTERS
Category 1 (Not Reported in Canada)
Category 2 (In Canada and of Regional Concern)
- Gaffkemia of Lobsters
- Anophryoides haemophila (Ciliate Disease) of Lobsters
- Pseudocarcinonemertes homari of Lobsters
Category 3 (Host Not in Canada)
- Microsporidosis of Lobsters
- Hematodinium sp. of Norway Lobster
- Carcinonemertes australiensis of Lobsters
- Parasitic Copepods on Lobsters
Category 4 (Negligible Significance in Canada)
- Vibrio spp. (Juvenile Vibriosis) of Lobsters
- Chitinolytic Bacterial Shell Disease of Lobsters
- Gregarine Parasitism of Lobsters
- Lagenidium sp. (Fungus Disease) of Lobsters
- Fusarium sp. (Fungus or Burn Spot Disease) of Lobsters
- Haliphthoros sp. (Fungus Disease) of Lobsters
- Nematodes in Lobsters
- Trematode Metacercariae in Lobsters
- Acanthocephalan Larvae in Lobsters
SHRIMP & PRAWNS
Category 1 (Not Reported in Canada)
Category 2 (In Canada and of Regional Concern)
- Rickettsia-like Infection of Pandalid Shrimp
- Protistan Pathogen of Pandalid Shrimp (SPP)
- Sylon (Rhizocephalan Disease) of Shrimp and Prawns
Category 3 (Host Not in Canada)
- Baculovirus penaei (BP Virus Disease) of Penaeid Shrimp
- Monodon Baculovirus (MBV) Disease of Penaeid Shrimp
- Baculoviral Midgut-gland Necrosis (BMN) of Penaeid Shrimp
- Hepatopancreatic Parvovirus (HPV) Disease of Shrimp and Prawns
- Infectious Hypodermal and Haematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV) of Penaeid Shrimp
- Lymphoidal Parvo-like Virus Disease of Penaeid Shrimp
- Lymphoid Organ Vacuolization Virus (LOVV) of Penaeid Shrimp
- Reo-like Virus (REO) Disease of Penaeid Shrimp
- Taura Syndrome Virus of Penaeid Shrimp
- Rhabdovirus Disease of American Penaeid Shrimp
- Yellow-head Virus Disease (YHD) of Penaeid Shrimp
- Rickettsial Infection of Penaeid Shrimp
- Necrotizing Hepatopancreatitis of Penaeid Shrimp
- Mycobacteriosis of Penaeid Shrimp
- Vibrio penaeicida of Cultured Kuruma Prawns
- Larval Bacterial Necrosis of Freshwater Shrimp
- Haplosporidian Infections of Penaeid Shrimp
- Gregarine Disease of Penaeid Shrimp
- Ciliate Disease of Penaeid Shrimp
- Gut and Nerve Syndrome (GNS) of Penaeid Shrimp
- Larval Mid-cycle Disease (MCD) of Freshwater Shrimp
- Black Spermatophore Disease of Penaeid Shrimp
- Red Disease of Penaeid Shrimp
Category 4 (Negligible Significance in Canada)
- Vibrio spp. (Vibrio Disease) of Cultured Shrimp
- Chitinolytic Bacterial Shell Disease of Shrimp and Prawns
- Filamentous Bacterial Disease of Shrimp and Prawns
- Microsporidosis (Cotton Shrimp Disease) of Shrimp and Prawns
- Larval Mycosis of Shrimp and Prawns
- Fusarium sp. (Fungus Disease) of Shrimp and Prawns
- Nematomorph Parasitism of Pandalid Shrimp
- Black Gill Syndrome of Shrimp and Prawns
CRABS
Category 1 (Not Reported in Canada)
- Viral Diseases of Crabs
- Rickettsia and Chlamydia of Crabs
- Haplosporidosis of Crabs
- Paramoeba perniciosa (Grey Crab Disease)
- Hematodinium perezi and Hematodinium sp. of Atlantic Crabs
Category 2 (In Canada and of Regional Concern)
- Chitinolytic Fungal Disease (Black Mat Syndrome) of Crabs
- Carcinonemertes spp. of Crabs
- Mesanophrys spp. (Ciliate Disease) of Crabs
- Hematodinium sp. (Bitter Crab Disease)
- Rhizocephalan Parasites of Crabs
Category 3 (Host Not in Canada)
Category 4 (Negligible Significance in Canada)
- Chitinolytic Bacterial Shell Disease of Crabs
- Microsporidosis of Crabs
- Trematode Metacercariae of Crabs
- Acanthocephalan Parasitism of Crabs
- Nematomorph Parasitism of Crabs
- Lagenidium spp. (Fungus Disease) of Crabs
CRAYFISH
Category 1 (Not Reported in Canada)
- Viral Diseases of Crayfish
- Psorospermium spp. (Protozoan Disease) of European Crayfish
- Microsporidiosis of Crayfish
- Burn Spot Disease (Fungus Disease) of Crayfish
Category 2 (In Canada and of Regional Concern)
Category 3 (Host Not in Canada)
- Baculovirus of Blue Crayfish
- Rickettsia of Crayfish
- Nocardia sp. (Bacterial Disease) of Crayfish
- Proteus or Pseudomonas Bacterial Septicaemia of Crayfish
- Psorospermium spp. (Protozoan Disease) of Australian Crayfish
Category 4 (Negligible Significance in Canada)
- Chitinolytic Bacterial Shell Disease of Crayfish
- Psorospermium sp. (Protozoan Infection) of American Crayfish
- Fungal Invasion of Crayfish
- Trematodes in Crayfish
- Turbellaria infestation of Crayfish
- Branchiobdellida Annelid Parasitism of Crayfish
Citation Information
Bower, S.M. (2011): Synopsis of Infectious Diseases and Parasites of Commercially Exploited Shellfish: Table of Contents.
URL: http://www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/science/species-especes/shellfish-coquillages/diseases-maladies/toc-eng.htm
Date last revised: November 2011
Comments to
Susan Bower
